| Herbert Lewis Hardwick | |
|---|---|
| Statistics | |
| Real name | Elberto Louis Hardwick Arroyo |
| Nickname(s) | "Cocoa Kid" |
| Rated at | Welterweight |
| Nationality | Puerto Rican |
| Born | May 2, 1914 Mayaguez, Puerto Rico |
| Died | December 27, 1966 Chicago, Illionis |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Boxing record | |
| Total fights | 244 |
| Wins | 176 |
| Wins by KO | 48 |
| Losses | 56 |
| Draws | 10 |
Herbert Lewis Hardwick a.k.a. "Cocoa Kid" (May 2, 1914 - December 27, 1966) was a Puerto Rican boxer in the welterweight division. Hardwick was a member of boxing's "Black Murderers' Row" and fought the best boxers of his time. He will be inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2012.[1]
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Hardwick (birth name: Elberto Louis Hardwick Arroyo [note 1]) was born in the City of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico to Maria Arroyo, a native of Puerto Rico, and Lewis Hardwick, an African American Merchant Marine. In 1913, his father was on leave and left the island without knowing that Maria was pregnant with his child. It was only upon his return several months later, that he found out that he was a father.[2]
The Hardwick family moved to Atlanta, Georgia when he was still a child and his father renamed him "Herbert Lewis Hardwick."[2] Tragedy struck the family when his father and the rest of the crew of the USS Cyclops disappeared during World War I. The loss of the ship and 306 crew and passengers without a trace sometime after March 4, 1918, remains the single largest loss of life in U.S. Naval history not directly involving combat. The cause of the ship's loss is unknown. Hardwick was only four years old.
Shortly thereafter, upon the death of his mother, Hardwick went to live with his maternal aunt Antonia Arroyo-Robinson.[3] Mrs. Arroyo-Robinson raised Hardwick and he came to identify more with his Puerto Rican heritage.[2]
Hardwick began to box in Atlanta when he was fourteen years old under the tutorship and management of Edward Allen Robinson (Antonia's husband). He fought for the first time as a professional at the age of fifteen, on May 27, 1929 at the Elks' Restaurant, in Atlanta, against a boxer who went under the name of "Kid Moon" and was victorious in that encounter.[4]
In 1932, Connecticut State Senator Harry Durant was among those present in one his fights in West Palm Beach. The Senator was impressed with Hardwick and sponsored his trip to New Haven where Hardwick began to fight under the name of the "Cocoa Kid."[3] The name printed on his boxing license was that of "Louis Hardwick Arroyo."[2] Hardwick used various names during his boxing career, besides using "Louis Arroyo," he would also fight under the name of "Louis Kid Cocoa".[3] On April 4, 1932, he scored a win in his first fight in Connecticut, against a boxer named Joe Miller.[4]
During his career in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Hardwick fought the top African-American fighters of the era in the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions. This group included, but was not limited to Charley Burley, Holman Williams, Jack Chase, Lloyd Marshall, Joe Carter (boxer), Tiger Wade, Bert Lytell and Eddie Booker.[5] Hardwick fought Williams thirteen times, winning eight, losing three, and drawing in two.[1]
The group was known as the "Black Murderers' Row." This group was made up primarily of African-American highly rated boxing contenders in the 1940s and 1950s, who competed around the Middleweight and Light Heavyweight divisions. Hardwick was the only Hispanic of African descent in the group.[3] Renowned for their toughness and great boxing ability, they were feared throughout the boxing world and were the most avoided fighters of their generation. According to boxing pundit Jim Murray, the Murderers’ Row was the most exclusive men’s club the ring has ever known. They were so good and so feared that they had to have their own tournament.[6] The term "Boxing Murderers’ Row" was coined by writer Budd Schulberg, screenwriter of On the Waterfront.[7]
Amongst the many boxers whom Hardwick fought and defeated during his career were Louis "Kid" Kaplan. The fight occurred on February 2, 1933 at the Arena in New Haven. Kaplan was a former champion who held the World Championship title in the Featherweight divison until 1927. On December 5, 1933 he faced Lou Ambers and lost the match.
From April through September of 1940, Hardwick was the number one welterwight contender in the world. However Henry Armstrong, who held the World Welterweight Championship, refused to give him a title shot.[8] On October 9, 1943, Hardwick made the cover of Knockout Magazine as "The Cocoa Kid."[3]
In 1944, a controversy erupted between Hardwick and a boxer named "Oakland Billy Smith." When the fighters met on November 24, in the Civic Auditorium of San Francisco, California, the betting odds favored the Cocoa Kid over Smith by 2 to 1.[2] When Hardwick was knocked down four times, referee Frankie Brown became suspicious and stopped the fight, declaring it a "no-contest."[4] During an investigation carried out by the the California Boxing Commission, Hardwick claimed his poor performance was due to personal anxiety about his “sick mother” (meaning his aunt Antonia). According to the Oakland Tribune, the commission felt that Hardwick threw the fight. In addition to withholding his earnings, the commission fined him $500, and suspended him from boxing for six months.[2]
On September 17, 1945, Hardwick fought and lost to Archie Moore. He lost his last professional fight on August 24, 1948, against Bobby Mann at Ball Park in Trenton, New Jersey.[9] In 1949, Sugar Ray Robinson entered into, and then broke, two agreements to fight against Hardwick.[8]
That same year of 1949, Hardwick was Robinson's sparring partner at the welterweight king's training camp in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey. Robinson was training for a fight with Steve Belloise and was at his peak. In one session Hardwick landed a short overhand right to Robinson's chin and dropped him in the second round.[2][8]
By the end of his boxing career, Hardwick had fought a total of 244 professional fights, of which he won 176 with 48 knockouts (KO). He lost 56 fights, 7 by way of KOs and 10 of his fights were classified as draws (ties).[3] Among the Champions which he faced during his career were: Louis Kaplan, Johnny Jadick, Lou Ambers, Christopher "Battling" Battalino, Chalky Wright and Archie Moore. Of these he defeated Kaplan, Jadick and Wright in non-title fights.[8]
After retiring from the ring in 1950, Hardwick found himself homeless and penniless in Chicago Marguerite Winrou, his wife, divorced him and gained the custody of their children. According to the Naval Record Management Center in St. Louis, Missouri, Hardwick had served in the United States Navy during World War II. He was honorably discharged after being diagnosed with pugilistic dementia by military doctors, a secret which he kept during his days as a boxer in order to continue boxing.[8] In 1955, he wrote to the Navy asking for a copy of his discharge papers which he claimed were stolen with his Social Security card.[2]
Due to his long and difficult boxing career, Hardwick suffered from pugilistic dementia in his last years, and was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital in North Chicago. He died there on December 27, 1966 and is buried in Wood National Cemetery, section 36a, row 11, site 3, located in the state of Wisconsin.[2] In 2011, Hardwick was elected to the International Boxing Hall of Fame. He will be inducted in 2012.[1]
Puerto Rican Boxers in the International Boxing Hall of Fame |
| Number | Name | Year inducted | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Carlos Ortiz | 1991 | WBA Lightweight Champion 1962 Apr 21 – 1965 Apr 10, WBC Lightweight Champion 1963 Apr 7 – 1965 Apr 10, WBC Lightweight Champion 1965 Nov 13 – 1968 Jun 29. |
| 2 | Wilfred Benítez | 1994 | The youngest world champion in boxing history. WBA Light Welterweight Champion 1976 Mar 6 – 1977, WBC Welterweight Champion 1979 Jan 14 – 1979 Nov 30, WBC Light Middleweight Champion. |
| 3 | Wilfredo Gómez | 1995 | WBC Super Bantamweight Champion 1977 May 21 – 1983, WBC Featherweight Champion 1984 Mar 31 – 1984 Dec 8, WBA Super Featherweight Champion 1985 May 19 – 1986 May 24. |
| 4 | José "Chegui" Torres | 1997 | Won a silver medal in the junior middleweight at the 1956 Olympic Games. WBC Light Heavyweight Champion 1965 Mar 30 – 1966 Dec 16 |
| 5 | Sixto Escobar | 2002 | Puerto Rico's first boxing champion. World Bantamweight Champion 15 Nov 1935– 23 Sep 1937, World Bantamweight Champion 20 Feb 1938– Oct 1939 |
| 6 | Edwin Rosario | 2006 | Ranks #36 on the list of "100 Greatest Punchers of All Time." according to Ring Magazine. WBC Lightweight Champion 1983 May 1 – 1984 Nov 3, WBA Lightweight Champion 1986 Sep 26 – 1987 Nov 21, WBA Lightweight Champion 199 Jul 9 – 1990 Apr 4, WBA Light Welterweight Champion 1991 Jun 14 – 1992 Apr 10. |
| 7 | Pedro Montañez | 2007 | 92 wins out of 103 fights. Never held a title. |
| 8 | Herbert "Cocoa Kid" Hardwick | 2012 | Member of boxing's "Black Murderers' Row". Never held a title . |
= Indicates the person is still living